For decades, the industry has managed technology change by importing technology (as available) from joint venture partners. Despite policymakers hoping the Indian Industry would follow MITI Japanese model- import technology, absorb the technology, and later improve the technology to export it, our industry is struck in the first phase of technology import. Technology obsolescence is pervasive and India was least prepared to face global competition when the gates were open. Adding to the pain, the joint venture partners abandoned Indian partners to start their own subsidies.
This book looked at the fundamentals-
The Indian Government invited comments on the draft.
This specification applies to battery-powered instruments which provide a digital indication of temperature.
(4) Clinical electrical thermometers designed to measure skin temperature are not covered by this specification.
(5) This specification does not exclude the use of any contract device based on other measurement principles that meets equivalent performance standards in determining maximum body temperature at specified time intervals.
2. Terminology.-
(1) A clinical electrical thermometer, as covered by this specification is a contact thermometer comprising a temperature probe and an indicating unit, and that is designed to measure human or animal body temperature.
(2) A temperature probe is the component of a thermometer of which part is applied to a body cavity or tissue with which it establishes thermal equilibrium. It comprises a temperature sensor with associated parts including coverage, seals, inner leads, and connecting plug, where appropriate.
Notes:
1. A body or tissue may be the mouth (sublingual), rectum, or armpit. 2. The part of the probe in contact with a body cavity or tissue is called the ‘applied part’.
3. An indicating unit is the component of a thermometer that process the output signal of the temperature sensor and displays the measured temperature.
Resident Indian patent owners cross 50%.
Illustrated cases of Resident Indian patent owners:
https://www.amazon.in/dp/B0DK5LWNST
(Source- WIPO)
The Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying has notified the Guidelines for import of live seaweeds into India. These guidelines seek to ensure biosecurity and protect domestic marine ecosystems. The guidelines were notified on October 21, 2024.
India’s History with Seaweed
India boasts a diverse range of approximately 844 seaweed species. Among these, red algae like Gelidiella acerosa, Gracilaria edulis, G. crassa, G. foliifera, and G. verrucosa are cultivated for agar production. Brown algae such as Sargassum spp., Turbinaria spp., and Cystoseira trinodis are utilized to produce alginates and liquid seaweed fertilizers.
What do the new guidelines cover?
The new guidelines outline specific conditions for importing live seaweed, including mandatory permits and phytosanitary certificates. The import of certain seaweed species will be restricted to prevent the introduction of invasive species and diseases.
Imported seaweed will be subjected to rigorous quarantine procedures, including inspection, testing, and potential fumigation or disinfection. The government is taking steps to minimize the risk of introducing harmful pathogens and diseases that could impact domestic seaweed cultivation and marine environments.
The government aims to promote domestic seaweed cultivation and reduce reliance on imports.
Rationale for New Regulations
Seaweed can harbor various diseases and pests that can harm marine ecosystems.
Additionally, strict import regulations will help protect the domestic seaweed industry from competition from foreign-sourced seaweed. As per the recent estimate by CMFRI, India has the potential to produce around 9.7 million tonnes of seaweed per year, while the current seaweed production is only 34 thousand tonnes.
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