𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐲: 𝐍𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐫𝐚

 

https://www.tcs.com/content/dam/global-tcs/en/pdfs/what-we-do/services/Analytics-and-Insights/tcs-cii-ai-and-ip-report.pdf

 The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intellectual
Property (IP) represents one of the most profound shifts in the
modern technological and legal landscape. Since 2019, AI has
evolved from a niche research topic to a catalyst for
transformation across industries, fundamentally altering how
businesses innovate, compete, and protect their creations. This
report, jointly prepared by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and
the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), seeks to illuminate the multifaceted relationship between AI and IP within the context of the Indian industry, with a particular focus on the rapidly expanding role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs). 

 MSMEs face distinct IP challenges in AI and GenAI due to technical complexity, unclear IP ownership, and evolving legal standards. Issues include ambiguous ownership of models and outputs, uncertain patent and copyright eligibility, rapid tech
advancement making IP protection difficult, and data privacy concerns. Enforcement is tough and costly, especially with open-source and collaboration models blurring boundaries. Regulatory uncertainty adds to hesitation. MSMEs need clear
regulations, legal support, and practical IP strategies to safeguard innovation in this fast-changing field.

 AI patent filings in India surged significantly after 2018, with 83,059 patents filed between 2019 and 2025 as shown in Fig 3.1 compared to 3,931 from 2010 to 2018 as shown in Fig 3.2. • The top ten patent applicants were Samsung Electronic, Chandigarh University, Jain Deemed to be University, Qualcomm Inc, Galgotias University, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Lovely Professional University, Sanskriti University, Tata Consultancy Service Ltd, and Chandigarh Group of Colleges.
• Generative AI patents constitute 14.51% of recent filings, whereas AI Agent patents are still nascent with 498 applications. A steady increase has been observed in patent applications filed by domestic applicants, rising from 53% in 2019 to 82% in 2024.
• Currently, 13% of AI applications have been granted, with grant rates soaring from 0.7% in 2019 to 32% in 2024, signaling strong momentum in AI innovation and adoption.