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Tuesday, December 29, 2009

Third option for making aero planes in India


Like in automobiles the pay offs are significant in aeroplane design to manufacture.Among the BRIC nations Brazil has taken a lead in this area.In India HAL had been manufacturing aircraft with Russian collaboration. NAL has been working to develop indegeneous technology. The third option is now explored by Mahindra by acquiring two Australian firms.Mahindra Systech, the component arm of Mahindra & Mahindra, has struck a deal to acquire 75.1% stake in two Australian aerospace companies -- Aerostaff Australia (AA) and Gippsland Aeronautics (GA).The acquisitions have been jointly made by Mahindra Aerospace Pvt Ltd (MAPL) and Kotak Private Equity entailing a total commitment of Rs 175 crore.AA is a manufacturer of high precision close-tolerance aircraft components and assemblies for large OEMs such as Boeing and Airbus, while GA is an established brand in general aviation, which manufactures 2-20 seater aircraft and turboprop engines.With the acquisitions in place, Mahindra will have aircraft portfolio comprising GA200, GA8 AIRVAN, GA8 (turbocharge), GA24 (turboprop), and NM5, which has been jointly built with National Aeronautics Laboratory.

Thursday, December 24, 2009

EU Study Centre at SPJIMR, Mumbai


Reutlingen University (FH / Hochschule Reutlingen), ESB Business School in partnership with SPJain Institute of Management & Research, Mumbai, India and in association with Knowledge Foundation, Germany was recently selected for establishing an EU study centre in India at SPJain Institute of Management & Research, Mumbai, India.

The inaguration of the Centre took place on the 19th November 2009 at the institute The inaguration was attended by Head of Operations Mr. Hans Schoof, from the Delegation of the European Commission in India, Team Leader of the India-EU Study Centres Programme Mr. Ulrich Podewils and the representatives of the Reutlingen University, Germany apart from the faculty of the Business school.

We can expect to see more of Europe at Mumbai in the year 2010.

Gadget Flops of the Decade

We learn more from failures. See the list of 10 great flops :
http://www.fastcompany.com/pics/gadget-flops-decade-10-devices-didnt-survive-aughties?slide=0#10

Sunday, December 20, 2009

Villgro stores

Villgro is covering the last mile in rural innovation road map with stores exclusively marketing rural innovations. There are curently 10 stores, selling 18 innovations in Agriculture, Dairy, Water, Energy , Personla care areas. Venus Burner is one of the hot selling product selling over 70,00 units every month.

Emering markets megatrend

MNCs like DuPont operating from several countries have to continuously assess opportunities and select countries to invest. Often, this is a indicator of country's strengths.
In India it is Titanium Technologies,Pioneer Hi-Bred,Crop Protection, Performance Polymers,Packaging & Industrial Polymers. Where as in China Performance Polymers, Electronics & Communications,Performance Coatings,Titanium Technologies, Packaging & Industrial Polymers are active segments.

Mission 10X facilitating Active Learning


India produces thousands of engineers and many of them are not employable. Many have analysed the problem but only few have come with solutions- Wipro is one such. Mission 10X is working to empower 10,000 engineering faculty by 2010 with innovative teaching techniques and tools that would enable them to help learners.Integrated Innovations is a compilation of innovations in the pedogogy of engineering.To facilitate active learning, several examples were listed ranging from mnemonic games to model making.

Saturday, December 19, 2009

Friday, December 18, 2009

Innovation Lab, Cochin


Success of technopark sparked interest in entrepreneurship all across Kerala. Innovation lab positioned as pre-incubator is a link in the chain. Beneficiaries of technopark technology business incubator have taken the lead to provide this platform to young entrepreneurs . This is an intermediate stage on the journey from college to technopark- develop and test your ideas with mentors, physical space, bandwidth and a live telecom lab.

Accessing critical technology by Chinese car manufacturers


The Chinese Car manufacturers , SAIC and Geely are in the race to build electric cars. And all they need is access to critical technology and it is interesting to see how they are going about accessing the critical technology,.
Yet-Ming Chiang, is Professor of Ceramics in MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Prof. Chiang's research focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of advanced inorganic materials and related devices. Current topics include new cathode and anode materials for lithium ion batteries, phase transformations in electroactive materials, electrochemical device design, electrochemical-to-mechanical energy conversion, self-assembling colloids, and the stability and defect chemical properties of interfaces in inorganic materials.
He holds several patents like Nano scale Ion Materials, Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures, high energy high power electrodes. To take the lab technology to market, he was given an exclusive license for the patents that had been generated in his lab at MIT.
In 2001 he co-founded
A123 Systems with Bart Riley (Bart Riley, got a degree from Cornell in ceramics ) and Ric Fulop. A123 Systems is currently one of the leading advanced-technology battery companies in the United States. The company filed over 160 patents, important among them is U.S. patent 7,338,734 entitled “Conductive Lithium Storage Electrode” one of the industry’s most comprehensive high-power lithium ion patent portfolios. This landmark patent protects A123’s unique Nanophosphate™ battery technology, which offers an advanced combination of power, safety and life.The technology is now enabling the use of lithium ion batteries in automotive applications, such as hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), extended-range (E-REV), and pure electric vehicles (EV).
SAIC entered into joint venture with A 123 systems ,Shanghai Advanced Traction Battery Systems Co. (ATBS), to develop complete energy storage systems for all hybrid electric and pure electric vehicles manufactured by SAIC Motor and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Thursday, December 17, 2009

Innovations 2010 , Pune


'Innovations' is an annual event organized by the Pune Chapter of IIT Bombay Alumni Association to foster innovation in the society. The event showcases selected novel ideas in practice, and provides a platform for the innovators to disseminate their ideas to a wider and well-connected audience. The event primarily focus on Innovations originating from Science and Technology. In the past, innovations in the form of processes, products and applications from varied fields such as medicine, agriculture, mechanical/electronic/chemical technology, IT products, etc. have been showcased. The selection of the innovations to be showcased is done through a panel of experts drawn from various application areas.They also work with the selected innovators to fine tune their presentation and bring out the unique features.

Meet the innovators, watch their innovations in action, listen to sucessful innovators who have scaled up their ideas to commercial success! For more information, please visit http://innovations-pune.com/

Sunday, December 13, 2009

Challenge innovator Mathew


Prototyping is a critical step in converting idea to solution. Not many would welcome the work as it is one of its kind. But Zakarias Mathew welcomes such a challenge.
He entered the Machinery World when he repaired a broken-down tractor while still in his teens. At the age of 20 he moved to Mumbai living by repairing machines. From his bread-and-butter operation of solving machinery problems, he progressed to re-designing machines and finally to manufacturing new machines, many of which replaced imported ones. Success followed him from factory to factory, assignment to assignment. It was a steady journey up the corporate ladder which culminated in the proud ownership of SENZO Engineering & Plastic Company and associating with India’s industrial giants such as Larsen & Toubro (L&T), Siemens, Voltas, Godrej and Pfizer. Today, after 40 years of dedicated labor, Zakarias Mathew is the Chairman & Managing Director of SENZO Group of Companies. Among various others, SENZO products include Octagonal Poles, High Masts, Gantries & Cantilevers, Metal Beam Crash Barriers and a Hot Dip Galvanizing Plant.

Saturday, December 12, 2009

Support International Patent Protection in Electronics and IT

Many start-ups have shown interest in this scheme. Brain league provided many details ;
Department of Information Technology, MCIT has introduced a scheme, known as SIP-EIT (Support International Patent Protection in Electronics and IT),in order to provide financial support to Small and Medium Enterprises /Technology Start-Up companies for international patent filing in the area of information technology and electronics. International patent filing includes the PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty) route or direct filing of the application in any country. However, the applicant has to justify his reasons for choosing a particular country.The prosecution costs involved in international patent filings such as attorney fee, professional fee, statutory fee of patent office, examination fee, search fee etc shall be reimbursed upto Rs.15 lakhs or 50% of the total expenses incurred on filing each invention whichever is less.The Department of Information Technology, MCIT has provided the details for applying for the scheme in SIP-EIT brochure.Few of the prerequisites to apply for the scheme as mentioned in the SIP-EIT brochure are as follows:
Small or micro small and medium enterprises / Technology Start-Up unites registered in India
The investment in plant and machinery should not exceed INR 10 corers in case the enterprises are engaged in the manufacture or production of goods OR if the enterprises are a service provider investment in plant and machinery should not exceed INR 5 corers.
The enterprises applying for the scheme has to provide In house R&D certificate from Division of Services and Intervention Research (DSIR) Technology OR Technology Incubation enterprises registered as companies with support under some government scheme.
In order to apply for the said scheme the inventions must be filed in India prior to foreign filing of the application and the inventions should be in the area of information technology and electronics only.The applicant can apply for the scheme at the time of international filing or after the filing. However, reimbursement will be provided only after the application is selected for the support. In case the application is selected, the reimbursement money shall to e transferred to the bank account of the company as provided by the applicant in the application form.The application for the scheme shall be acceptable only if the patent application is filed and prosecuted by a registered patent agent having 5 year experience in the handling international patent applications. Following are the Documents that need to be submitted by the company:
- Prescribed application form
- Copy of registration certificate of the company
- Company brochure
- Latest Annual audit report
- Proof of In house R&D certification by DSIR
- Patent prior art search report
- Indian patent office filing receipt
- Reimbursement Details (the format is provided with application form)
- Copy of Invoices cleared by the company towards the international patent filing
- A declaration by the applicant in the format is provided with application form.
The applicant must provide all the required information in the application forms with relevant documents as proof. If the application satisfies the acceptance criteria the Reimbursement amount shall to e- transfer as per the details provided in the application form.The applicant may also be requested to present his inventions by the Department of Information Technology, MCIT in the allocated centers to explain the Technical features of invention, commercialization plans or commercialization status of the invention, anticipated revenues from commercializing and potential markets for this invention.Contact Smt. J Khurana / Dr AK Garg, HoD, Patent and IPR Division, Department of Information Technology, Electronics Niketan, 6, C.G.O.Complex, New Delhi 110003, Phone: 24301284/24301398, Email - jkhurana@mit.gov.in or agarg@mit.gov.in
www.mit.gov.in for more details.Note: For assistance in applying for the said scheme, please feel free to contact Brain League IP Services Pvt. Limited
No. 18, 2nd floor, 5th A Cross Road,24th Main,
J.P.Nagar 2nd phase, Bangalore-560078.
Phone: 91-80-41489502
Fax:91-80-41489501
Email:
contact@brainleague.com

Manipal University to host International BoP Summit 2009 at Manipal

A two day International Base of Pyramid Summit (BoP) 2009 will be organised by Manipal University from December 17 & 18, 2009 at Chaitya Hall, Fortune Inn Valley View, Manipal involving partners of BoP in the areas of Innovation, Incubation and investment. For more information contact:
Prof. Harish Chandra Hebbar – 9880504014
(BOP – Chair)
Mr. Manjunath Maiya - 9845822443
(Philips- Project Manager)

Saturday, December 05, 2009

Asian Young Inventors Exibition (AYIE)


Young innovators, below 20 years as on 1st January 2010 are invited to participate in the ITEX 2010 (International Invention, Innovation and technology Exhibition ) from 14 - 16 May 2010 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia. AYIE is jointly-organised by ACIA (Asian Caucus of Inventions Associations) and MINDS (Malaysian Invention and Design Society). AYIE aims to provide a platform to showcase and promote creativity and inventions by young inventors.
Indian Innovators Association is invited to coordinate with young Indian innovators and invites interested innovators to contact me at indiainvents@hotmail.com

TR 35 : inviting nominations from young innovators


Nominations invited from young innovators ( less than 35 years as on October 1, 2010). MIT Technology Review's prestigious TR35 awards recognizing the world's top young innovators have been a great success in recent years. Established in 1999 as the TR100, the TR35 list of Technology Review published by Technology Review Inc., an independent media company owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, recognizes the outstanding innovators under the age of 35 each year. The awards span a wide range of fields, including biotechnology, materials, computer hardware, energy, transportation, and the Internet.

Now
Technology Review's first “INDIA TR35” list of 35 young innovators will appear in March 2010. It is a list that would now recognize the outstanding innovators under the age of 35 from India. MIT TR is now seeking nominations for the 2010 class of INDIA TR35 winners. The final deadline for the nominations is on December 31, 2009!

Indian Innovators Association has been invited to nominate young innovators and young innovators seeking nomination may contact me at indiainvents@hotmail.com.For other details see
http://www.technologyreview.com/TR35/Profile.aspx?trid=762

http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/nominate.aspx


Friday, November 27, 2009

Spark Awards


Kiran solar lamp is one of the award winners. Details at:


China's design awards 2009

See the designs at:
http://www.designsuccess.cn/en/list.aspx?season=2009&page=1

Augtics- real estate informatics company


AUGTICS is a management and technology consulting company providing “real estate information solution” and “real estate information-based consulting” to diverse set of consumers and clients. It aims to fill gap for professional consultancy in residential sector and brings out reports like Delhi NCR top 25 reidential projects. Promoted by Manoj Misra, a product of IIT, Roorkee with extensive experience in GIS.

Modified `Siddhataila' process from Dr Shantaram Kane

Dr Shataram Kane, Adjunct Professor, IIT, Mumbai and mentor to many innovators/ start-ups in Pune has developed a low cost process for extracting oils from vegetables/ herbs. The cooking is done in ordinary cooking pots and the filtration is simply through 2 layers of cloth stretched over a strainer.These oil extracts are found to be super activei.e reduce the daily dose of the natural product by a factor of 100 to 1000 compared to that commercially available concentrate. The initial results appear promising for treatment of Gas, constipation,Cough, Cold, insuling dose reduction etc
Want to test or learn? contact Dr Shantaram Kane at: sgkane@gmail.com

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Villgro presents INNOHUB-The Innovation Fair for business partnerships with 20 Innovators on 11-12 Dec 2009 in CHENNAI


INNOHUB (part of a larger event UNCONVENTION – “Where path breakers meet path makers”) will be conducting it’s first event on 11th & 12th December 2009 at Hotel Green Park, CHENNAI whereby 20 of the most promising Innovators ranging from inspired individuals such as Aggi Magudeshwaran who has developed a patented technology for Non Electric Reverse Osmosis System for Water Purification to glorious institutes such as IIT Kharagpur will showcase their products & technologies and discuss business partnerships with Entrepreneurs & Investors through scheduled face to face meetings.

The details of all the products & technologies to be showcased at INNOHUB is available on www.villgro.org/innohub and you could register online for free for participating in INNOHUB and scheduling face to face meetings with specific Innovators of your interest to discuss business partnerships or SMS “Villgro Innohub” on 54999 for more details.

Villgro also extends financial support of upto Rs.25 lac as Interest Free; Success based Loan as also incubation support through technology / product development and market development to Entrepreneurs.

In case of additional details or a specific request get in touch with Rajeev Surana on

91-9381755790 or innohub@villgro.org

Tuesday, November 24, 2009

Freedom to Perform in Government- case of TePP

I worked in Government for 19 years and an equivalant period in commercial firms before that- in small scale firm, in Tata firm and in Public Sector Undertaking. Is the popular impression that nothing (new/ significant) can be done in government correct? Read my personal account in this PPT:
http://www.slideshare.net/indiainvents/freedom-to-perform-in-government-case-of-tepp

Saturday, November 21, 2009

CircuitSutra


CircuitSutra a start-up incubated at Amity Innovation Incubator, focuses on IC/SoC Design Companies, Embedded Product Companies, and EDA tool companies with core competence System C modelling. Founder Umesh Sisodia worked in SCL, Cadence etc.

Friday, November 13, 2009

Bi Box from start up evobi


Bi-Box is a small box with an Electronic Brain which can be connected to various electronic devices or toys and instructed to behave the way you want it to. It is supported under TePP. This start-up figures among the ten promising Indian companies by Global Thought.

Pruthvi- Universal TV demodulator IC based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture

Saankhya Labs, a fabless chip startup based in Bangalore, has announced its Universal TV demodulator IC based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture, and targeted at World TV and PC-TV receiver markets. Built on an ASSP (application specific signal processor) platform, the product named Pruthvi - is made up of programmable DSPs, and is the first demodulation IC to enable Global TV Chassis, the company claimed. The product prototype that supports all standards on a FPGA platform is ready and has been demonstrated to 6 major TV companies in Japan. Read more : EETimes.com
The founders, Viswa Kayagadde and Parag Naik worked at Philips Research lab and promoted Vayavya labs in 2006.

Sunday, November 08, 2009

Inolyst

inolyst is a young start-up, based in Bangalore, offering a package of Innovation management, IP advisory and IP licensing services to Indian firms. The comprehensive package includes, establishment of processes from `Idea generation' to`Revenue realisation'. Client firms will receive training in identifying opportunities for R&D/ product positioning after assessing IP and Business portfolio of competitors. IP acquisition is seen as integral part of R&D.

Biopreneurs:TheMolecular Millionaires


Want to be a Biopreneur- entrepreneur in Biobusiness? Read the guide from Dr Ryan Baidya. Apart from covering stages of innovation the book also covers fund raising, valuation, marketing and PR +IR (Public Relations and Investor Relations. All explained in simple text by a practitioner with insights.

Inventions for sale from Inventor Nagla

Prof Nagla, Dr Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, offers following innovations for transfer:
Patent No. 210090: Mechanism to clean the bird dropping in cage type poultry farm: The invention is related to automatic removal of bird droppings (garbage) under the cage structure of poultry farm. It is very simple to construct and affordable in cost. More important there is no need to alter the previous design of poultry farm for its installation. The said invention is useful to reduce manual labor charges (approximately 2000US$/ annum/shed) for cleaning and also useful to reduce diseases like bird flu.
Visit Stall no C-24 of NITJ at International Exhibition Clean India PULIRE-09, from November 12-14,2009 at Bombay Exhibition Center Mumbai, INDIA

Friday, November 06, 2009

TiE Shree Shakti awards

The TiE Stree Shakti (TSS) Workshop and Awards is a forum for women entrepreneurs to create trust-based partnerships through active networking. The objective of TSS is to create a platform of belonging for women entrepreneurs. The TiE Stree Shakti Workshops and Awards are scheduled on 12Dec 2009,Mumbai. For more details: www.TiESTreeShakti.org

Winners of GE Edison Challenge.

The winners announced on 6th are:`Graminavitas' from IIT Chennai. Team members Kaushik Anand, Midhun Salim, Srinath Ramakrusshnan, Aswin Ramesh and Aditya Harit. Integrated Project involves Dehusking , gassification of husk, micro-grid and sanitaion. Ruuners up are team Energy Boosters, Venkatewara College of Engineering,Chennai, team members Netrah, Neha and Rahul Jain. Project is on Algae (Spirogyra) production using toxic waste from textile industry.Employees choice was team Tojoe from PSG College. Team Adithiya, Aravind, Ram Prasadh, Somasundaram and Vishwanath. Ptoejct- Solar pond.

Monday, November 02, 2009

Idea Bounty


Idea Bounty is a social think tank that provides a secure channel for the world wide creative community to offer solutions to creative briefs. A reward or 'Bounty' is offered for the Idea that best answers the brief and the contributor of the Winning Idea gets the cash.

Insights from GE research


Gopichand Katragadda, in his book `SMASH' talks of hand to mind barrier. Many analysts referred to our aversion to dirty hands leaving us a nation of million spectators always struggling to find 11 to soil in the field. Bright engineers for decades shunned shop floor jobs and reserachers lived in ivory tower unconnected to market. Gopichand also ( probably for the first time from any MNC) shares his insights on what makes GE and MNC R&D units such a productive places. The activities highlighted:

1. GECR-B Signature Programs: The idea is to have a branding and instill pride in the programs being worked by the team.

2.Learning Environment: A culture of learning and growth is maintained through technology specific and industry specific conferences organised by JFWTC.

3.Innovation Department: A constant focus on innovation is maintained through a variety of activities such as Business program Manager Challengers, innovation workshops by external experts, innovation process sharing with external companies, TRIZ training, tools, pilot projects, internal technical career path trainimng on innovation, innovation portal and idea management systems.

4.Customer connectivity: The indian session T (T for technology) held in 2006 broght together close to 100 GE customers and GE engineering, research, sales and marketing teams.

5. Cross JFWTC collaboration

A must read for all CSIR scientists.

Sunday, November 01, 2009

Luna Ergonomics-clever texting

Can U send SMS by pressing only a single key?
Luna Ergonomics Pvt Ltd is based out of JSS Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park at Noida. The startup is founded by Major Abhijit Bhattacharjee, an electronics engineer and a keen technologist, a former Signaller from the Indian Army. They have developed the Panini Keypad which supports composition and sending of SMS in 11 major languages of India. And offers SMS compression for the first time in the world increasing the payload of a SMS in an Indian language by over 300 percent. Luna Ergonomics also developed the first dictionary less statistical predictive texting technology which uses a dynamic allocation of keys and hence does not rely on printed keys on the keypad. This offers the possibility of supporting multiple languages on the same keypad. Also this is single key press typing. This technology called CleverTexting has also been developed for all the major languages of the world including Arabic and Hebrew.

Nokia Developers Conference 2009

The conference is scheduled on 7th Decemeber in Bangalore. Regisration fee Rs 750/- For details : http://www.nokiadevcon.in/index.php

GE Edison Challenge finalists


Eighteen teams were selected for GE Edison Challenge final. The winner with prize money of Rs 5 lakhs will be selected on 5th November. See the finalists at:

Nebula Eclipse Goggles

Innovator Sujata Daka, left ISRO to start on a journey of creativity and Nabula Eclipse Google is the first among the innovative products on the roll out. It is a solar filter film with five seperate layers for 100% eye safety and an extraordinarily beautiful 'Cooling and Healing ORANGE image of the sun'. Buy one for Rs 25/-

Friday, October 30, 2009

Hybrid Renewable energy solutions

Green Field Power Services is specialising in offering hybrid solutions, grid connected and grid independent. For details see: www.greenfieldspower.com

Development projects supported by World bank

See projects in Development Market place, funded by World Bank.

Technology in stage performance


Stage performnace has gone high tech. Read the story of Magic Flute, Ring cycle, Brain Opera, Doctor Atomic and rake's progress at Fast Company.

FLAP Messenger Bag


One of the green technology product creating wave of excitement is Messenger bag with solar charged light called FLAP ( Flexible Light and Power). It is collaborative effort of Timbuk2, Poptech and Portable Light

Noble Energy Solar Technologies


NEST is manufacturer of Solar lanterns. Flagship product Aishwarya received Ashden Award in 2005. Promotor Barki is has been in solar photovoltaics business for last 22 years, a B.Tech graduate in Electronics Engineering (1982), from KREC (Now NIT), Surathkal. Powered by a solar panel which generates four hours of light, the lantern is designed to replace the potentially deadly kerosene lamp. Dharmappa Barki at the age of nine witnessed the tragic death of his baby cousin from burns caused by a fallen kerosene lamp and vowed to find a solution- he did find one.

Samuchit Enviro-Tech


Samuchit Enviro-Tech Pvt limited a commercial associate of Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI) for commercialising energy technologies developed by ARTI.The products being marketed by SET address the problem of indoor air pollution. Long term exposure to indoor air pollution has an adverse health impact on women and children in rural households. According to World Health Organisation, indoor air pollution caused by smoke from traditional cook stoves is responsible for 2,000,000 premature deaths every year among women and children in the developing world.

Thursday, October 29, 2009

TePP Innovator SS Dutta gets first prize in India Innovation Initiative 2009

Results of India Innovation Initiative 2009 results were announced on 27th October 2009. the winner is Sankha subhra Dutta of Japaiguri, who with TePP support is developing light duty variable displacement compressor for small car airconditioining . Indian Patent Application No: 613/KOL/2009 dated 13/04/2009.

Saturday, October 24, 2009

iWizards

Wipro Technologies and Knowledge@Wharton have teamed up to conduct a global "Innovation Tournament" which will solicit, judge and select the most innovative managerial "tools" that companies can use to improve their business by increasing revenues, reducing expenditures and improving customer experience. Participants will submit tools via this website in one of the following formats: Word document, PowerPoint presentation, PDF file or Excel spreadsheet. These submissions will be reviewed and judged by a panel of experts determined by the Wharton School and including key members of the Wharton faculty, the Knowledge@Wharton team and the Wipro Council for Industry Research. From these submissions, 25 leading tools will be chosen based on the judging criteria. All entries must be received by November 6, 2009, in order to be considered.